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hypericin Facts Sheet (main)

This mini website about hypericin was prepared by a student of BioInformatics, the Open University.

alternate names: hypericin

hypericin  is a produced synthetically or as an extract of Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum).and used as an antidepressant and antiviral agent.

 This plant has been used for centuries as an herbal remedy for treatment of a variety of ailments. More recent interest in St. John's Wort stems from it's potential therapeutic uses for treatment of depression, cancer and AIDS.

Current Hypericin publications

  1. Biodistribution and photodynamic therapy with hypericin in a human NPC murine tumor model
  2. Plasma levels of hypericin in presence of procyanidin b2 and hyperoside: a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
  3. Hypericin activated by an incoherent light source has photodynamic effects on esophageal cancer cells
  4. Methyl-D(3)](2) hypericin as internal standard for quantification in human plasma
  5. Effect of hypericin on confocal imaging of Ca2+ signaling in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium
  6. Modulation of the phototoxic effect of hypericin in human leukemia CEM cell line by N-ethylmaleimide, amiloride and omeprazole.
  7. An in vitro and hydroponic growing system for hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin production of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum CV new stem)
  8. Antivascular tumor eradication by hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy.
  9. Wavelength-dependent properties of photodynamic therapy using hypericin in vitro and in an animal model
  10. Photobleaching of hypericin bound to human serum albumin, cultured adenocarcinoma cells and nude mice skin

More References


1. Hobbs, C. 1988/1989 St. Johns Wort - Hypericum perforatum L. Herbal Gram No.18/19 Fall 1988/Winter 1989 pp. 24-33
2. Fernie, W.T. 1897 Herbal Simples Bristol: John Wright and Co.
3. Vickery, A.R. 1981 Traditional uses and folklore of Hypericum in the British Isles Econ Bot 35:289-295
4. Gunther, R.T. 1933 The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides Hafner Pub Co.. (1968)
5. Green, T. 1924 The Universal Herbal London: Caxton Press
6. King, J. 1876 The American Dispensatory 10th ed. Cincinnati: Wilstach, Baldwin and C.
7. Brockman, H. et al. 1974 Zur isolierung und konstitution des pseudohypericins Tetrahedron Lett. 23:1991-4
8. Dorossiev, I. 1985 Determination of flavonoids in Hypericin perforatum Pharmazie 2:157-171
9. Brondz, I. et al. 1983 n-Alkanes of Hypericum perforatum: a revision Phytochem 3:377-8
10. Brondz, I. and Greibrokk, T. n-l-alkanols of Hypericum perforatum J. Nat. Prod. 46:9404
11. Costes, C. and Chantal, T. 1967 Carotenoid pigments of the petals of the inflorescence of St. John's - Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Ann Physiol Veg 9:157-177 (CA 68:66335y)
12. Mathis, C. and Ourisson, G. 1964 Etude Chimio-taxonique du genre Hypericum - V Photochem. 3:379
13. Suzuki, O. et al. 1981 Inhibition of type A and type B monoamine oxidases by naturally occuring xanthones Planta Medica 42:17-21
14. Okpanyi, Von S.N. and Weishcer, M.L. 1987 Experimental studies of the psychotropic activity of a Hypericum extract Arzneim-Forsch 37:10-1
15. Kitanov, G. 1983 Determination of the absolute configuration of catechins isolated from Hypericum perforatum Farmatsiya (Sofia) 33:19-22 (CA 99:50290j)
16. Nielsen, M. and Arends, P. 1978 (Title missing) Phytochem.
17. Brondz, I. et al 1983 The absolute configuration of hyperforin, an antibiotic from Hypericum perforatum L. based on the crystal structure determination of its p-bromobenzoate ester. Acta Chem Scan. Ser. A A37:263-5
18. Willis, W.C. 1973 A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns 8th ed. Cambridge at the Univ. Press
19. Mabberley, D.J. 1987 The Plant Book cambridge Univ. Press
20. Indian Council of Medical Research 1987 Medicinal Plants of India Vol. 2 new Delhi
21. Perry, L.M. 1980 Medicinal Plants of East and South East Asia Cambridge/London: MIT Press 22. Duke, J.A. and Ayensu, E.S. 1985 Medicinal Plants of China Vol. 2 Algoniac, MI: Ref. publications
24. Oubre, A.Y. 1989 A cross-cultural analysis of medicinal flora: a methodology for determining pharmacological efficacy (Unpub. paper: Dept. of Integrative Biology, U.C. Berkeley)
25. Oubre, A.Y. 1988 Ethnopharmacology and Plant Drug Research San Francisco: Washington Research Institute
26. Liebes, L. et al. 1991 A method for the quantitation of hypericin, an antiviral agent in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography Analytical Biochem 195:77-85
27. Schinazi, R.F. et al. 1990 Anthraquinones as a new class of antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus Antiviral Research 13:265-272
28. Meruelo, D. et al. 1988 Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: Aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin Proc. Natl Acad Sci 85:5230-5234
29. Valentine, F.T. 1991 Hypericin: A hexahydroxyl dimethyl-napthodiantrone with activity against HIV in vitro and against murine retroviruses in vivo (Ab) JAIDS 4(3):317
30. Degar, S. et al. 1991 Inhibition of HIV infectivity by hypericin: Evidence for a block in capsid uncoating JAIDS 4(3) (pg. no. missing)
31. Tang, J. 1990 Virucidal activity of hypericin against enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses Antiviral Research 13:313-326
32. Brockman, H. et al. 1957 Total synthese des hypericins Chem Ber 90:2302-2318
33. Brockman, H. et al. 1939 Hypericin, the photodynamivcally active pigment from Hypericum perforatum Naturwiss 27:550-555
34. Daniel, K. 1949 Further communication on the photodynamic substance hypericin Hippokrates 20:530-536
35. Duran, N. and Song, P. 1986 Hypericin and its photodynamic action Photochem Photobio 43:677-680
36. Yarchoan, R. et al. 1990 Immunological issues in anti-retroviral therapy Immunology Today 11(9):327-333
37. Hudson, J.B. et al. 1991 Antiviral activities of hypericin Antiviral Research 15:101-112
38. Lavie, G. et al. 1990 Annals NY Acad Sciences 616:556-562
39. Lavie, G. et al 1989 Studies of the mechanisms of action of the antiretroviral agents hypericin and pseudohypericin Proc Natl Acad Sci 86:5963-5967
40. Takahashi, I. et al. 1989 Hypericin and pseudohypericin specifically inhibit protein kinase C: possible relation to their anteretroviral activity Biochem and Biophys Research Communications 165(3):1207-1212
41. Zheng, M.S. 1989 An experimental study of the anti-HSV II action of 500 herbal drugs J Trad Chin Med 9(2):113-6
42. Jayasuriya, H. et al. 1989 Antimicrobia and cytotoxic activity of rotterin-type compounds from Hypericum drummondi J Nat Prod 52(2):325-31
43. Ishiguro, K. et al. 1987 Saroaspidin A, B and C: additional antibiotic compounds from Hypericum japonicum Planta Medica 53(5):415-417
44. Carpenter, S. and Kraus, G.A. 1991 Photosensitization is required for inactivation of equine infectious anemia virus by hypericin Photochem Photobio 53(2):169-74
45. Kraus, G.A. 1990 Antiretroviral activity of synthetic hypericin and related analogues Biochem and Biophys Research Comm 172(1):148-53
46. Hudson, J.B. et al. 1986 Investigation of the antiviral actions of the photoactive compound phenylheptatriyne Photochem Photobio 43(1):27-33
47. Hudson, J.B. et al. 1986 Antiviral effect of harmine, a photoactive beta-carboline, alkaloid Photochem Photobio 43(1):21-26
48. Gerhardt, J.J. and Fowkes, S.W. 1991 Hypericin Forefront Palo Alto: MegaHealth Society 6(6):1-5
49. Lavie, D. 1987 Antiviral pharmaceutical compositions containing hypericin or pseudohypericin European Patent Application No. 87111467.4 filed 8/8/87 European Patent Office Publication No. 0 256-452-A2
50. James, J.J. 1989 Hypericin/St.John's Wort Experience So Far AIDS Treatment News Issue #74 2/24/89
51. James, J.J. 1991 Hypericin Update AIDS Treatment News #125
52. Meruelo, D. et al. 1991 Inactivation of retroviral particles by hypericin: possible role of oxidative reactions in the antiretroviral activity (Abstract 1-29). HIV Disease: Pathogenesis and therapy Univ. Miami: March 1991
53. Wood, S. et al. 1990 Antiviral activity of naturally occuring anthraquinones and anthraquinone derivatives Planta Medica - Journal of Plant Research 56(6):651-652
54. Dr. Bihari 1991 Pers. Comm. New York City
55. Wingrove, A.S. and Caret, R.L. 1981 Organic Chemistry Cambridge:Harper and Roe

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